swedish verb groups

All three languages have a subject–verb–object basic word order, but Swedish sides with English in keeping this order also in dependent clauses (where German puts the verb last). Explanations of grammar jargon, and when to use the verb forms. There are a few exceptions. They came into widespread use relatively recently, but since 2010 have appeared frequently in traditional and online media,[4] legal documents,[5] and literature. In some northern dialects it is pronounced as a -u ([ˈɕʉ̂ːɡʉ]), and in some middle dialects as an -i ([ˈɕʉ̂ːɡɪ]). The group i-a-u is a good example. Svenska Verbgrupper - Verb groups in Swedish. Adjectives ending in -lig may take either the neuter singular ending or the suffix -en, and occasionally -ligen is added to an adjective not already ending in -lig. du PRATAR — you TALK We distinguish five groups of verbs which follows; Group I, Group II a, Group II b , Group III , Group IV ( irregular verbs). Verbs ending in -er often lose the -e- as well, other than in very formal style: stärker ("strengthens") becomes stärks or stärkes ("is strengthened"); exceptions are monosyllabic verbs and verbs where the root ends in -s. Swedish uses the passive voice more frequently than English. So, it looks like the Swedish supine is what in English we’d call a past participle. There are basicly four different groups of verbs:-AR, -R, -ER and the less pleasant group THE IRREGULAR VERBS. Swedish Nouns. Google Groups. den här flaskan ("this bottle"), det där brevet ("that letter") as a demonstrative article. Except for this form, subjunctive forms are considered archaic or dialectal. Below follows first an outline of the different verb forms and examples from the four different groups of verbs. att få — “to get, may” Present tense: får. However, there are a few so-called ambipositions that may appear on either side of the head: Being a Germanic language, Swedish syntax shows similarities to both English and German. Nouns have one of two grammatical genders: common (utrum) and neuter (neutrum), which determine their definite forms as well as the form of any adjectives and articles used to describe them. Third declension: -er, -r (mostly common gender nouns, some neuter nouns). Animacy is implied by gender in these pronouns: non-neuter implies a person ("-one" or "-body") and neuter implies a thing. brevet "the letter"). Its nouns have lost the morphological distinction between nominative and accusative cases that denoted grammatical subject and object in Old Norse in favor of marking by word order. save. Swedish once had three genders—masculine, feminine and neuter. In the second, third and fifth declensions words may end with an s already in the caseless form. The caseless form is sometimes referred to as nominative, even though it is used for grammatical objects as well as subjects. For most Swedish strong verbs that have a verb cognate in English or German, that cognate is also strong. Supinum aktiv (lat. But if the stem ends in a voiceless consonant (k, p, t, or s), then add -te instead. tjugonde (20:e), trettionde (30:e). Swedish verbs are divided into four groups: About 80% of all verbs in Swedish are group 1 verbs, which is the only productive verb group. 3. (infinitiv). For verb groups 1–3 the supine is identical to the neuter form of the past participle. Swedish nouns are inflected for number and definiteness and can take a genitive suffix. Note! "him want I not that you meet", i.e. The standard word order in Swedish follows that of most Germanic languages, that is, the finite verb always appears in second position in a declarative main clause. Carl Hurd and his wife, Maja Lisa, had moved to Palm Valley from Brazoria County in 1863. Another instance of -e for all persons is the plural forms and definite forms of adjectival verb participles ending in -ad: en målad bil ("a painted car") vs. målade bilar ("painted cars") and den målade bilen ("the painted car"). The double meaning of this verb makes it a very common … Adjectives generally precede the noun they determine, though the reverse is not infrequent in poetry. The sole exception to this -a suffix occurs when nouns can be replaced with "he" or "him" (in Swedish han or honom). flaskan "the bottle"), and -et or -t for neuter nouns (e.g. Noun gender is largely arbitrary and must be memorized; however, around three quarters of all Swedish nouns are common gender. Last but not least, the beloved rule: verbs do not conjugate according to numbers or person or gender in Swedish and that is why we love it. The majority of these nouns end in, Nouns of the second declension are also of the common gender (historically masculine), with the exception of, The third declension includes both common and neuter nouns. I've been recently learning Swedish, so I gathered some information about the inflection of swedish verbs and produced this table which I hope might help you all who are also learning the language. share. Learning the Swedish Nouns displayed below is vital to the language. See the tables bellow that determine three types of verbs in the Swedish present tense. The only subjunctive form widely used in everyday speech is vore, the past subjunctive of vara ("to be"). The form aderton is archaic, and is nowadays only used in poetry and some official documents. Read Wikipedia in Modernized UI. The entries marked with red are incorrect. Fourth declension: -n (neuter) This is when a neuter noun ends in a vowel. We usually say that there are 5 verb groups in Swedish and one of them are the irregular verbs (starka/oregelbundna verb). Imperative This -s genitive functions more like a clitic than a proper case and is nearly identical to the possessive suffix used in English. Other tenses are formed by combinations of auxiliary verbs with infinitives or a special form of the participle called the supine. You also get BONUS Audio Lessons here at SwedishPod101. Swedish nouns are words used to name a person, animal, place, thing, or abstract ideas. This additional definite article is det for neuter nouns, den for common nouns, and de for plural nouns, e.g. [ˈɕʉ̂ːɡɛ]. Swedish verbs are very easy, even easier than English. In English this form is normally merged with the past participle, or the preterite, and this was formerly the case in Swedish, too (the choice of -it or -et being dialectal rather than grammatical); however, in modern Swedish, they are separate, since the distinction of -it being supine and -et being participial was standardised. From the English noun ”job” we have got the Swedish verb ”att jobba” (to work). Comprehensive Swedish Verbs Form Guide. Group 1: Verb: Tala (to speak) Group 2: Verb: Köpa (to buy) Stem: Tala-Stem: Köp-Present tense: Talar: Present tense: Köper: Group 1: Verb: Älska (to love) Group 2: Verb: Hjälpa (to help) Stem: Älska-Stem: Hjälp-Present tense: Älskar: Present tense: Hjälper 7 comments. These examples cover all regular Swedish caseless noun forms. German), putting a noun into a prepositional phrase doesn't alter its inflection, case, number or definiteness in any way, except in a very small number of set phrases. Pronouns inflect for person, for number, and, in the third person singular, for gender. save. There are two tenses which express the past in Swedish. Learn and practice grammar the fun and easy way! In total there are six spoken active-voice forms for each verb: infinitive, imperative, present, preterite/past, supine, and past participle. Living beings are often common nouns, like in en katt "a cat", en häst "a horse", en fluga "a fly", etc. The definite article in the singular is generally the suffixes -en or -n for common nouns (e.g. Words ending in -io (trettio, fyrtio, etc.) Morphologically Swedish is similar to English, that is, words ha… If the present tense ends in -er, the -er is removed, e.g., stänger → stäng-. Examples of modern loan words within the field are chatta and surfa. Many of the verbs in this group are very common. Verba … are most often pronounced without the final -o; the y in fyrtio (40) is always pronounced as ö: [ˈfœ̌ʈːɪ]. In group 1 there is an -a present in all of the five verb forms. In total there are six spoken active-voice forms for each verb: infinitive, imperative, present, preterite/past, supine, and past participle. 99% Upvoted. Swedish adjectives are declined according to gender, number, and definiteness of the noun. Learn Swedish vocabulary, phrases and words FAST with TONS of FREE lessons! A general word-order template may be drawn for a Swedish sentence, where each part, if it does appear, appears in this order.[8]. When an adjective or numeral is used in front of a noun with the definite article, an additional definite article is placed before the adjective(s). Everything about verbs, the verb groups and the five main verb forms that you feel too embarrassed to ask about! as the -s is usually put on the last word of the noun phrase even when that word is not the head noun, much like in English usage (e.g. Clear pan-Swedish rules for the distinction in use of the -et and -it verbal suffixes were codified with the first official Swedish Bible translation, completed 1541. I've been recently learning Swedish, so I gathered some information about the inflection of swedish verbs and produced this table which I hope might help you all who are also learning the language. If the present tense ends in -ar, the -r is removed to form the stem, e.g., kallar → kalla-. Always Updated. Nouns qualifying other nouns are almost always compounded on the fly (as with German, but less so with English); the last noun is the head. Fifth declension: unmarked plural (mostly neuter nouns ending in consonants and common gender nouns ending in certain derivational suffixes). Choose from 500 different sets of swedish 3 verbs group regular flashcards on Quizlet. Fifth declension nouns have no plural ending and they can be of common or neuter gender. With the numbers nio (9), tio (10) and tjugo (20), the -o is often pronounced as -e, e.g. Their plural ending is. Supinum always ends with -t. Imperativ can end in a variety of ways, but for groups 1, 2 and 3 (not irregular group 4!) Nouns are usually the most important part of vocabulary. share. hide. [6]The use of these words has prompted political and linguistic debate in Sweden, and their use is not universally accepted by Swedish speakers.[7]. den nya flaskan ("the new bottle"), det nya brevet ("the new letter"), de fem flaskorna ("the five bottles"). There is a small number of Swedish nouns that can be either common or neuter gender. The plural ending for nouns of this declension is, All nouns in the fourth declension are of the neuter gender and end in a vowel in the singular. In less formal Swedish the verbs started to lose their inflection regarding person already during the 16th century. It is still common in Finland Swedish. tjugosju (27) may be pronounced [ɕʉːˈɧʉː]. A remnant of the masculine gender can still be expressed in the singular definite form of adjectives according to natural gender (male humans), in the same way as personal pronouns, han and hon, are chosen for representing nouns in contemporary Swedish (male/female human beings and optionally animals). The Swedish Language Council sanctions putting the ending after fixed, non-arbitrary phrases (e.g. The past simple and present perfect, "Preteritum" and "Perfekt". This means that you have to memorise them! Choose from 500 different sets of swedish verbs flashcards on Quizlet. Login with Gmail. Imperative. For verb group 4, the supine ends in -it while the past participle's neuter form ends in -et. googlar. Its pretty easy to use it – choose the settings you like and type in the missing forms of the verbs into the fields. The plural forms are still found in historic texts and might thus have some importance. Svenska Verbgrupper - Verb groups in Swedish. The strong verbs appended an -o to the end form the plural. Swedish also has many regular verbs (another phew!). 3. There are four different verb groups in Swedish. ), resulting in min gula bil (my yellow car) and ditt stora hus (your large house). This group must be familiar for anyone who speaks a German language. This pronoun is derived from an older pronoun. The only subjunctive form widely used in everyday speech is vore, the past subjunctive of vara trettonde (13:e), fjortonde (14:e), hundrade (100:e), tusende (1000:e). This makes it very important to learn many verbs from this group, but since they are common it is unavoidable. Infinitiv almost always ends in -a, sometimes in another vowel. Written with digits, a number is separated with a space between each third digit from the right. When dealing with monetary amounts (usually with two decimals), the decimal point is read as och, i.e. For example: The cardinal numbers from zero to twelve in Swedish are: The number 1 is the same as the indefinite article, and its form (en or ett) depends on the gender of the noun that it modifies. In the unmarked case, with no special topic, the subject is placed in the fundament position. Though the three-gender system is preserved in many dialects and traces of it still exist in certain expressions, masculine and feminine nouns have today merged into the common gender in the standard language. The only major exception was äro (vi äro, "we are"). For short verbs, the -r is removed from the present tense of the verb, e.g., syr → sy-. So, what’s a past participle in Swedish? Everything about verbs, the verb groups and the five main verb forms that you feel too embarrassed to ask about! ", Gender-neutral 'hen' makes its legal debut, http://www.kristianstadsbladet.se/debatt/hall-hen-borta-fran-vara-barn/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_grammar&oldid=989683293, Pages with non-English text lacking appropriate markup and no ISO hint, Articles containing Swedish-language text, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Pages with non-English text lacking appropriate markup from November 2020, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Non-finite verb (in infinitive or supine), Nouns of the first declension are all of the common gender (historically feminine). This makes it very important to learn many verbs from this group, but since they are common it is unavoidable. vara. Any number can be compounded by simply joining the relevant simple cardinal number in the same order as the digits are written. However, in Swedish the past tense (both singular and plural) for weak verbs always ends with an -e (hjälpte (helped), kallade (called)), and so this is not visible. The definite article in Swedish is mostly expressed by a suffix on the head noun, while the indefinite article is a separate word preceding the noun. Numbers between 21–99 are written in the following format: The ett preceding hundra (100) and tusen (1000) is optional, but in compounds it is usually required. I recommend that you match all the new irregular … One of the objectives and goals of the Swedish Club of Houston is to locate and join together people interested in Swedish heritage (Swedes, Swedish descendants, and others) in the Houston area, primarily through informal events and get-togethers, social as well as cultural.. The Swedish personal-pronoun system is almost identical to that of English. The indefinite article, which is only used in the singular, is en for common nouns, and ett for neuter nouns, e.g. Present subjunctive is formed by adding the -e ending to the stem of a verb: In Swedish, the verbs used to conjugate similarly to modern Icelandic. Modern Swedish has two genders and no longer conjugates verbs based on person or number. There is no difference between I was sleeping and I slept in Swedish. each form of the verb depends on the group that a verb belongs to. There are four groups of verbs: groups 1-3 are regular verbs (sometimes called weak) and group 4 are irregular (or strong) verbs. Need more Swedish? those listed singly) are genitive forms that are unaffected by the item possessed. In the definite form, (meaning the + adjective), there is an -a suffix no matter the case or number of the noun: This form is also used with possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her, our, their, or in Swedish min/mitt/mina, etc. Adjectives with comparative and superlative forms ending in -are and -ast, which is a majority, also, and so by rule, use the -e suffix for all persons on definite superlatives: den billigaste bilen ("the cheapest car"). weak verb: same form in past tense singular and plural, strong verb, vowel change: supine vowel, appends, "Heter det Konungens av Danmark bröstkarameller eller Konungen av Danmarks bröstkarameller? The digits following the decimal point may be read individually or as a pair if there are only two. Login with Facebook Another group of verbs, short verbs ending in a vowel, add -dde to form the past tense. In group 1 there are also verbs with a foreign origin. One by one! They inflect for the present and past tense and the imperative, subjunctive, and indicative mood. As in all Germanic languages, strong verbs change their vowel sounds in the various tenses. Group 4 is irregular and the verbs of this group have to be learned one by one. There are four groups of verbs: groups 1-3 are regular verbs (sometimes called weak) and group 4 are irregular (or strong) verbs. Swedish verbs can be classified into three groups depending on their present tense ending, e.g: The stem of the verb in Swedish is the imperative form. It is generally a subject–verb–object (SVO) language with V2 word order. 7 comments. Articles differ in form depending on the gender and number of the noun. Swedish verbs can be classified into three groups depending on their present tense ending, e.g: The stem of the verb in Swedish is the imperative form. Swedish differs, inter alia, in having a separate third-person reflexive pronoun sig ("himself"/"herself"/"itself"/"themselves" - analogous[citation needed] to French se), and distinct 2nd-person singular forms du ("thou") and ni ( "you", formal/respectful), and their objective forms, which have all merged to you in English, while the third-person plurals are becoming merged in Swedish instead (see below the table). In syntax, verb-second (V2) word order places the finite verb of a clause or sentence in second position with a single constituent preceding it, which functions as the clause topic.. V2 word order is common in the Germanic languages and is also found in Northeast Caucasian Ingush, Uto-Aztecan O'odham, and fragmentarily in Rhaeto-Romansh Sursilvan and Finno-Ugric Estonian. They are the same throughout each tense and do not change for person or number. Use the visible verb forms and the verb groups as hints of the missing forms. Morpheme boundaries in some forms may be analyzed differently by some scholars. Adjectival adverbs are formed by putting the adjective in the neuter singular form. Unlike in more conservative Germanic languages (e.g. Other tenses are formed by combinations of auxiliary verbs with infinitives or a special form of the participle called the supine. It is used as one way of expressing the conditional ("would be", "were"), but is optional. Rational numbers are read as the cardinal number of the numerator followed by the ordinal number of the denominator compounded with del or, if the numerator is higher than one, delar ("part(s)"). They inflect for the present and past tense and the imperative, subjunctive, and indicative mood. Along with other North Germanic languages, it derives from Old Norse and is currently the most widely spoken North Germanic language. hide. This was not always the case, cf. For those ordinal numbers that are three syllables or longer and end in -de, that suffix is usually dropped in favour of -del(ar). Infinitive. The five declension classes may be named -or, -ar, -er, -n, and null after their respective plural indefinite endings. However, in Swedish the past tense (both singular and plural) for weak verbs … Explanations of grammar jargon, and when to use the verb forms. Essential for referencing, reviewing and refreshing. The imperative form ends with –a. Each noun has eight forms: singular/plural, definite/indefinite and caseless/genitive. The definite article in the plural is -na for the first three declensions, -a for the fourth, and -en for the fifth: for example flaskorna ("the bottles"), bina ("the bees"), breven ("the letters"). In syntax, verb-second (V2) word order places the finite verb of a clause or sentence in second position with a single constituent preceding it, which functions as the clause topic.. V2 word order is common in the Germanic languages and is also found in Northeast Caucasian Ingush, Uto-Aztecan O'odham, and fragmentarily in Rhaeto-Romansh Sursilvan and Finno-Ugric Estonian. Google Groups allows you to create and participate in online forums and email-based groups with a rich experience for community conversations. Note: hen and its inflections (accusative hen or henom, possessive hens) are neologisms: they are gender-neutral pronouns used by some to avoid a preference for female or male, when a person's gender is not known, or to refer to people who do not identify their gender as female or male, similarly to the singular they in English. There are some general patterns to look out for across the verb groups. In the first group of verbs you will find words with the most regular conjugation. Those from "thirteenth" to "nineteenth", as well as "hundredth" and "thousandth", are formed from cardinal numerals with the suffix -de, e.g. The cardinal numbers from miljon and larger are true nouns and take the -er suffix in the plural. Note also that infinitiv and imperativ look the same in this group: The verbs in group 2 end with –er in presens and end in –de (2a) or –te (2b) (after p, k, t, s) in preteritum. mannen som står där bortas hatt, "the man standing over there's hat"). The supine form is used after ha ("to have"). These forms need to be memorized since these verbs are very common. But in Swedish, the supine is the stuff we use to construct perfect tenses – as in “jag har/hade + Swedish supine. Interfor Usa Group is a small FFL07 company specialized in the small batch manufacturing of tactical firearms and equipment. In singular indefinite, the form used with nouns of the common gender is the undeclined form, but with nouns of the neuter gender a suffix -t is added. googlat. In most dialects, the final -t of the definite neuter suffix is silent. This constitutes the strong adjective inflection, characteristic of Germanic languages: In standard Swedish, adjectives are inflected according to the strong pattern, by gender and number of the noun, in complement function with är, "is/am/are", such as, In some dialects of Swedish, the adjective is uninflected in complement function with är, so becoming. If you'd like to try conjugating other verbs, you can go to: http://taipoint.org/swedish-verbs/en/ More group 1 practice: HOPPAR — HOPPADE Verba supina activa) Imperativ aktiv (lat. report. Infinitive. Compared to its progenitor, Swedish grammar is much less characterized by inflection. Present. The database for Svenska Akademiens ordlista 12 contained 324 such nouns.[1]. Ordinals for higher numbers are formed from cardinal numerals with the suffix -te, e.g. Try the audio and video lessons at SwedishPod101.com, the Conversational Swedish course at Udemy, and the Interlinear Swedish book with English translations under the Swedish text Sometimes referred to as nominative, even though it is unavoidable we have got Swedish... Learn Swedish vocabulary, phrases and words FAST with TONS of FREE lessons gradually out use... Caseless noun forms out for across the verb forms genitive suffix special topic, the supine ends in while... Special topic, the adjectives take the -er suffix in the small batch manufacturing tactical... E ) ( both singular and plural, stänger → stäng- the 1940s verb-second word order below 20 ) used... Texas Tech University SW 2311 - Fall 2020 Register Now 2000-common-swedish-verbs.pdf person singular, for instance adverbs. The articles is shared by the -s altogether to use the verb.... To help you with learning the Swedish supine is what in English we ’ d call a past participle neuter. Third declension: -er, -n, and de for plural is regarded as a pair if there two! Of words taking only -r as a marker for plural nouns, adjectives, verbs... They are common it is unavoidable possessive pronouns are inflected similarly to adjectives, agreeing in and... Be whatever constituent that the speaker wishes to topicalize, emphasize as the infinitive is an suffix... In group 1 verbs are two tenses which express the past in Swedish database Svenska. As are small numbers ( below 20 ) HOPPADE Google groups allows to! Also strong be familiar for anyone who speaks a German language to out! Singular, for instance after adverbs, adverbial phrases, and definiteness of the definite article in the case... 7,88 ( sju och åttioåtta ) have some importance into the fields with... Singular–Plural distinction survived at bit longer, but without the -t ending as... The forms of the participle called the supine words may end with an s already in the fundament position want. In -et the digits are written as late as the digits following the decimal is. Are placed before the word they are common gender nouns, and quickly find unread posts, fyrtio etc... Swedish verbs flashcards on Quizlet noun has eight forms: singular/plural, swedish verb groups! Although using letters becomes less common the longer the number is Register Now 2000-common-swedish-verbs.pdf also.... Tenses with English translations of the missing forms started to lose their inflection regarding person already during the 16th.! Indicative mood that you feel too embarrassed to ask about of them end with the -te. Forms appeared occasionally as late as the 1940s my yellow car ) and `` Perfekt '' consonant k! … Swedish verbs, short verbs, the supine form is used ha. With Facebook in the past participle number and definiteness of the noun no -s. Is archaic, and verbs participate in online forums and email-based groups with a rich for... -Er, the final -t of the sentence supine ends in -it while the subjunctive. In five different verb forms learning the Swedish personal-pronoun system is almost identical to that of English ) is. In min gula bil ( my yellow car ) and ” att jobba ” ( to work ) rule... To run, had moved to Palm Valley from Brazoria County in 1863 regular ( and this come! Regular verb groups and the imperative, subjunctive forms are archaic a demonstrative.! Base form suffixes ) → stäng- also verbs with infinitives or a special form of the Roman alphabet addition. '' can be of common or neuter gender stem of a verb … explanation... Svenska verb program is developed to help you with learning the Swedish verb ” att ”! Imperativ are not the same throughout each tense and the less pleasant group the irregular verbs so often in daily., meaning they follow a certain pattern in all of the participle called the supine, however, round,... Of modern loan words within the field are chatta and surfa five verb that... On person or number below 20 ) on Quizlet, non-arbitrary phrases ( e.g swedish verb groups inflect person... In -it while the past participle less characterized by inflection nearly identical to the end form past! The names of these are in Swedish nouns are words used to name a person, for number, when... A verb … an explanation of swedish verb groups 3 verbs group regular flashcards Quizlet... Number is rule is that prepositions are placed before the word they are most. Occurs in five different verb forms in Swedish -s to the language experience for community conversations ( SVO ) with... Over there 's hat '' ) the set of words taking only -r as a marker plural. Weak verbs … supinum aktiv ( lat miljon and miljard are often written with digits, number... To construct perfect tenses – as in “ jag har/hade + Swedish supine stem of a verb belongs to we. Including related words not strictly considered pronouns, examples of tenses with English translations the adjectives take the is... And definiteness and can take a genitive suffix, animal, place, thing, or abstract ideas a. `` that letter '' ) is hus the Roman alphabet in addition to handful! By putting the ending after fixed, non-arbitrary phrases ( e.g and type in the batch! Subject is placed in the unmarked case, with no special topic, verb! For Svenska Akademiens ordlista 12 contained 324 such nouns. [ 1 ] and is currently the most regular.!, adjectives, and dependent clauses words within the field are chatta and surfa: singular/plural, and. Of vara ( `` that letter '' ) perfect, `` the bottle '' ) are genitive forms that feel... Of English into the fields subject is placed in the neuter form ends in -a, in. These are in Swedish, the subject is placed in the singular added! A certain pattern in all of them are the same principle is used for grammatical objects as well subjects... Contained 324 such nouns. [ 1 ] some scholars participate in online forums and email-based with..., short verbs -er and the plural forms appeared occasionally as late as the of! Och åttioåtta ) in consonants and common gender nouns, den for common nouns, some neuter nouns and. Demonstrative, interrogative, and when to use it – choose the settings you like and type in the in. Of a verb is based on person or number in modern standard Swedish get, may present... Is developed to help you with learning the Swedish language Council sanctions putting the adjective in the unmarked case with. Displayed below is vital to the neuter form of the Roman alphabet in addition to a handful of other.!, 2 and 3 are regular, meaning they follow a certain pattern in all them! 30: e ) than English we use our irregular verbs ( with some exceptions ) end with the -te.

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